OUGD501 - Study task 2 - Parody and Pastiche

Parody:
Parody is 'mimicking' or copying a style of work of a writer/artist and exaggerating it. 

Pastiche: 
An artists/writers work that imitates someone's work. 

Linda Hutcheon believes that parody is the answer to help us consider how design relates to the outside world. She claims that postmodernism is a parody of modernism. "Its Contradictory dependence upon independence from the modernism that both historically preceded it and literally made it possible" (Huctheon, L, 1989,). This means that without modernism there wouldn't be postmodernism. Hutcheon argues that postmodernism is both parody and pastiche as "It is incorporated and modified, given new life and meaning." (Huctheon, L, 1989). Therefore, postmodernism rejects modernism but without the existence of modernism there wouldn't be an existence of modernism. 

Fredric Jameson believes that both parody and pastiche are very different and not the same. Parody is replaced by pastiche and therefore just imitates past work. "postmodernism is pastiche and celebrates what it is imitating "Pastiche is, like parody, the imitation of a peculiar or unique, idiosyncratic style, the wearing of a linguistic mask, speech in a dead language. But it is a neutral practice of such mimicry, without any of parody's ulterior motives, amputated of the satiric impulse, devoid of laughter"(Jameson, p17).  Jameson believes that parody is replaced by pastiche and that it is just an imitation of the styles of the past. 

The two tones of voices are very different. Hutcheon tone of voice is a lot more positive saying that parody is similar to pastiche however parody is more of a mockery. Whilst Jameson was very more strict and said that there is no way that the two could be the same for post modernism. 

Examples of what I have understood to be parody and pastiche. 

Quentin Tarantino - Kill Bill - A pastiche of kung fu and other mixed martial arts styles.

 

A clear parody of the Mona Lisa by Duchamp (on the right) 

The Flipped Classroom

The flipped classroom – Richard.Miles@leeds-art.ac.uk 

France May ‘68

- A volatile period of revolutionary civir unrest

- General Strikes and occupations of factories and universities

- Spontaneous and wildcat

- Catalysed by student action at the Sorbonne, which was occupied and declared as an autonomous people’s university “open day and night, at all times, to all workers”.

- Anti- authoritarian and radical against disciplinary specialization and ‘education as initiationw’

- Egalite! Liberte! Sexualite

- Education for al and even student wages.

May 14^th. Started to make revolutionary images around France for the people in university. The student were standing up for what they believed in.

Visually communication a revolution

Althusser’s lesson

Rancieres first full book.

A critique of Althusser’s response to May ’68 and his essay ‘Student Problems’ (1969)

Jacques Ranciere - Proletatian Nights

Rancieres philosophy, collectively figured, could be interpreted as an attempt to figure out what happens when one refuses one’s ‘proper’ place in the established social order.

Picture on his book is questioning why the revolution failed.

Philosophers became poets and artists during the night.

The ignorant schoolmaster

-        Joseph Jacotat – teacher, exiled from post-revolutionary France in the Netherlands, working a job on half way.

-        His students couldn’t speak French – He couldn’t speak Flemish

-        His lessons were centered around a newly translated copy of Fenelons

-        His students read the original text alongside the translation and were left to figure out the differenced for themselves.

-        An accidental pedagogical experiment which led to the principals of ‘Universal Teaching’

OUGD501 - Study Task 1 - Authorship & Graphic Design

Design & Authorship - 

Barthes.R. (1968) The Death of the Author in Image Music Text, Hammersmith London, Fontana Press,

Looking into Roland Barthes' The Death of the Author Barthes makes a theory which is known as the Auter Theory. This theory is accepting that a reader can understand the text written through the artist or writer and that no writing is original. "The voice loses it's origin, the author enters into his own death, writing begins." This means that the reader gains more power whilst the author begins to lose power and therefore enter his own death. Therefore giving life to the interpretation of the reader, meaning it is created by the culture of the reader. "The birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.”

"Once the author is removed, the claim to decipher a text is quite futile" When relating it back to graphic design it means that the reader can have different thoughts. Therefore one person could interpret the meaning of a message differently to another. Relating it back to Massimo Vignelli's Canon which is a modernist book. Vignelli who is a modernist believes in function before form therefore the Auteur theory shouldn't be related to his work. Therefore, Vignelli's work should be easily understood. "Succeeding the Author, the scriptor no longer bears within him passions, humours, feelings, impressions, but rather this immense dictionary from which he draws a writing that can know no halt." This means that the Author doesn't carry his passion through the words/designs of his work/writing. The Author has its own stance to the reader although they may be related to each other. In simple it means that no design or writing is original as it has had inspiration from other artists/work.

However, this could be seen as a problem for someone like Vignelli. Vignelli work focuses on one meaning. To give a text an Author is to impose a limit on that text”. Vignelli art work is very famous therefore the viewers opinion on his work is affected by the viewer knowing who Vignelli is. Therefore his art work is about himself rather than the viewer. This goes against the Death of the Author.

Notes on “Death of the author” an essay by Roland Barthes:

- Reader vs. Author

- Everyone different interprets text and writing, therefore the meaning could be different. 

- The reader has their own opinion rather than the opinion of the writer. 

- There is nothing original but actually an influence of something before. 

- We all have different intelligence

- What we might interpret something it will not be interpreted the same. 

- Eventually an author is a myth

The auteur theory, which was derived largely from Astruc's elucidation of the concept of caméra-stylo (“camera-pen”), holds that the director, who oversees all audio and visual elements of the motion picture, is more to be considered the “author” of the movie than is the writer of the screenplay. (As taken from www.britannica.com/art/auteur-theory) 

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